Everything You Need To Know About Parkinson'S Disease Treatment
Parkinson’s disease refers to an age-related degenerative brain condition which causes parts of the brain to deteriorate. This condition is known for causing balance problems, tremors and slowed movements. In most cases, this disease happens for unknown reasons, while some are inherited. There are different treatment options available although the condition is not curable. Here, we will learn about the condition in detail such as what is Parkinson’s disease, what are the causes and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, how to diagnose Parkinson’s disease, how to prevent Parkinson’s disease, what are the treatments for Parkinson’s disease, what are the side effects of the treatment of Parkinson’s disease, who are the best doctors for Parkinson’s disease in India, and which are the top hospitals for Parkinson’s disease in India.
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Table Of Index
What is Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson disease or PD is a brain condition which causes problems with movement, sleep, mental health, pain and other health issues. This condition gets worse over time. Parkinson disease leads to high rate of disability. Many individuals with Parkinson disease also develop dementia. The disease generally occurs in older people. However, younger people may also be affected. Men are found to be affected more often than women. While Parkinson's disease isn’t curable, medications might significantly improve symptoms.
Types of Parkinson’s disease
Idiopathic Parkinson’s: It is the most common type of Parkinsonism and affects 85% of people suffering from the disease. Idiopathic means the main cause of the disease is not clear, and it might occur spontaneously.
Vascular Parkinsonism: This is an atypical Parkinsonism the cause of which might be multiple minor strokes in key areas of the brain. There are no tests which reliably compare vascular Parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease. However, there are features which tells a person has vascular Parkinsonism, such as an onset of Parkinsonism within one year of a stroke, and sign of vascular disease in an MRI scan of the brain.
Drug-induced parkinsonism: Drug-induced Parkinsonism is a common type of secondary Parkinsonism. The symptoms of drug-induced Parkinsonism are side effects of some medications, particularly those affecting the dopamine levels. Drug-induced Parkinsonism may be managed if detected early, while instability and tremors may appear less severe.
Causes and Symptoms
Causes
- Genes and Heredity
- Exposure to some toxins
- Environmental factors
- Old age
- Impaired neurons
- Some medications
Symptoms
- Tremor
- Slowed movement
- Rigid muscles
- Impaired posture and balance
- Loss of automatic movements
- Speech changes
- Rigidity or stiffness
Diagnosis
Dopamine transporter scans: When an individual has a dopamine transporter scan, the doctor will administer a small quantity of a radioactive drug. The doctor will then scan the brain to look for any activity in dopamine-producing cells. The scan can’t diagnose Parkinson’s disease. However, it might help support the doctor’s diagnosis.
Positron emission tomography: Currently, the diagnosis of Parkinson's is mainly based on the common symptoms mentioned above. There is no X-ray or any blood test that can detect the disease. But noninvasive diagnostic imaging techniques like positron emission tomography can help the doctor.
Risk & Complications
Treating Parkinson's disease often involves complications such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia and motor fluctuations. Dyskinesia presents as involuntary, erratic movements and typically results from long-term use of levodopa, the most effective PD medication. Managing this complication may require adjusting the dosage or timing of levodopa, using extended-release formulations, or adding medications like amantadine. Motor fluctuations, another common issue, involve variability in motor performance, where patients experience periods of improved mobility ("on" times) and periods of difficulty moving ("off" times). These fluctuations can be managed by optimizing medication regimens, including using combination therapies and adjusting the timing of doses to maintain more consistent drug levels.
Preparation of Treatment
There are a few things to keep in mind while preparing for Parkinson’s disease treatment. In case you have diabetes, you should keep the blood glucose level under control before undergoing surgery. In case of raised blood pressure, you need to take suggested medications and monitor blood pressure regularly. These steps will help lower the risk of any complications during the treatment. In case you have any specific medical issue, you should get clearance from your doctor before surgery. Use of a blood thinner must be avoided before surgery. Quit alcohol a few weeks before the treatment to minimize the risk of complications and promote the post-operative recovery.
Best Doctors for Parkinson'S Disease Treatment
Dr. Sudhir Dubey
28+ Yrs. Exp.MBBS, MCh (Neurosurgery)Chairman - Endoscopic Portal Minimal Invasive NeurosurgeryBest Hospitals for Parkinson'S Disease Treatment
Medanta The Medicity, Sec-38 Gurugram, Haryana 122001, India 
How to prevent Parkinson’s disease?
Exercise regularly: Exercising regularly will help reduce the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease and improve symptoms as well as quality of life for people who have been diagnosed with the disease. There are several different types of exercise that may be beneficial. The best exercises for this condition include walking, yoga and Tai Chi. Regular exercise will help improve balance and coordination, which may be affected by Parkinson’s.
Eat a healthy diet: Consuming a healthy diet is crucial for overall health and will help minimize the risks of developing Parkinson’s disease. There are many things that must be added to diet to reduce your risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Have plenty of fruits, vegetables and vitamin D. Avoid processed meat and caffeine.
Avoid exposure to toxins: Pesticides and other chemicals have been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s disease. Hence, it is advisable to avoid exposure to these substances as much as possible. Moreover, smoking tobacco has also been linked to an increased risk of developing the disease. Hence, it is suggested that people should avoid smoking tobacco products.
Manage stress: The link between Parkinson’s disease and stress is not completely understood, but there are certain ways that stress might lead to the development or progression of the condition. Stress may cause changes in your brain that will make it more vulnerable to neurodegenerative conditions such as PD. Stress may also trigger inflammation and some other changes in your body that may promote the occurrence of PD. Stress might worsen the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease by causing depression, anxiety, and sleep problems.
Getting enough sleep: The research on the relationship between Parkinson’s disease and sleep is ongoing. However, there are some evidences to suggest that having enough quality sleep may help cut the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease.
Treatment Option
Medications: Medications may help manage problems with movement, tremor and walking. These medications substitute for dopamine. Individuals with Parkinson's disease generally have low level of brain dopamine. Dopamine can't be used directly as it can't enter the brain. You may show significant improvement of symptoms after starting Parkinson's disease treatment. Medicines the doctor may prescribe include Carbidopa-levodopa and Inhaled carbidopa-levodopa.
Deep brain stimulation: In deep brain stimulation, surgeons will implant electrodes in a specific part of your brain. Electrodes are connected to a generator placed in the chest close to the collarbone. The generator will send electrical pulses to your brain and might reduce Parkinson's disease symptoms. Your doctor will adjust your settings as required to treat the condition.
MRI-guided focused ultrasound: This is a minimally invasive treatment that has helped some individuals with Parkinson's disease control tremors. Ultrasound is carefully guided by an MRI to the brain area where the tremors begin. The ultrasound waves are at a high temperature and will burn areas that are leading to the tremors.
Recovery
Recovery after Parkinson’s disease treatment
Some bruising near the surgery site is normal. This will disappear with time. Swelling around the eyes is also normal, and would go away in a week or two. It generally takes a few weeks to completely recover. After surgery, refrain from all activities for around two weeks. Avoid high- or moderate-intensity exercises for nearly four to six weeks. When moving or stretching, take caution.
Frequently Asked Questions About Parkinson's Disease
Parkinson’s disease doesn’t shorten a person’s life expectancy. However, late stage symptoms like immobility, difficulty swallowing and poor balance place the patients at a higher risk for fatal complications, which can include pneumonia, fractured hips, and choking.
Deep brain stimulation is a surgical procedure where a device is implanted in the body to deliver electrical pulses to the brain to ease motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. DBS might be considered for individuals who have had Parkinson’s for 4 years or more and for those who have significant “off” periods when their medications aren’t working well, or those who show uncontrolled, abnormal movements.
If left untreated, Parkinson's disease worsens with time. Parkinson's might cause a deterioration of all brain functions and an early death. However, life expectancy is normal in most treated individuals with Parkinson's disease.
Currently, there is no cure for Parkinson's. However, treatments are available to relieve the symptoms and maintain the quality of life. The treatments include supportive therapies like physiotherapy.
People with Parkinson's suffer from the same pain other individuals have. The pain is also amplified by the motor dysfunction. They may also experience additional pain problems unique to Parkinson's disease. Lower back pain and neck pain are common.
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