Everything You Need To Know About Mitral Valve Prolapse Treatment
Mitral valve prolapse refers to a heart valve disease in which the valve between the left heart chambers is affected. Generally, mitral valve prolapse is not considered life threatening and may not require any treatment or lifestyle changes. However, some individuals might need medications or surgery, particularly if the prolapse leads to severe regurgitation. On this page, we will look at mitral valve prolapse in detail, such as what is mitral valve prolapse, what are the causes and symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, how to diagnose mitral valve prolapse, what are the treatments for mitral valve prolapse, who are the best doctors for mitral valve prolapse treatment in India, and which are the top hospitals for mitral valve prolapse treatment in India.
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What is Mitral Valve Prolapse?
Mitral valve prolapse is a type of heart valve problem in which the flaps of the mitral valve become stretched or enlarged. The enlarged flaps bulge into the left atrium when the heart contracts during each heartbet. The mitral valve will control the overall flow of the blood from your heart’s left atrium to the left ventricle. Prolapsed mitral valve means the valve’s flaps don’t fit and properly close between each heartbeat, which might cause the prolapsed valve to leak blood back to the left atrium. This condition is known as mitral valve regurgitation.
Types of Mitral Valve Prolapse
Primary Mitral Valve Prolapse: Primary mitral valve prolapse occurs when one or both valve flaps thicken. Other effects are fibrosis of the flap surface, fibrin deposits on the flaps and thinning of the chordae tendineae. The primary form of mitral valve prolapse is seen generally in individuals with Marfan's Syndrome or some inherited connective tissue diseases.
Secondary Mitral Valve Prolapse: The flaps are not thickened in secondary mitral valve prolapse. The prolapse could be due to ischemic damages to the papillary muscles that are fixed to the chordae tendineae or to some functional changes in myocardium. This type of mitral valve prolapse might be due to damage to valvular structures in rheumatic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Causes and Symptoms
Causes
- Genetics
- Family history
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
- Marfan syndrome
- Ebstein anomaly
- Graves’ disease
- Muscular dystrophy
Symptoms
- Irregular heartbeat
- Difficulty breathing
- Dizziness, lightheadedness
- Heart palpitations, migraines
- Chest pain
- Fatigue
Diagnosis
Physical exam: The doctor will lea a lot by listening to the heart with a stethoscope. In case you have a mitral valve prolapse, the doctor can hear clicking and murmur sounds. This condition is also known as “click-murmur syndrome” due to its distinctive sound. During the exam, the doctor will also talk about your medical history as well as family history.
Transthoracic echocardiogram: The test uses ultrasound sound wave technology to produce images of the heart in its current state.
Chest X-ray: A chest radiograph will display a projection of the chest and help diagnose conditions that might be affecting it.
Electrocardiogram: An electrocardiogram will record your heart’s electrical signals using electrodes which are attached to the chest.
Stress test: Stress tests will be used to find how the heart works during difficult physical activity. The test is combined with an electrocardiogram to assess heart activity.
Risk & Complications
Like any procedure, mitral valve prolapse surgery may have some possible risks associated with it. There can be bleeding during or after the surgery. The blood vessels can be damaged. Blood clots may result from surgery causing heart attack, stroke or lung problems. Infection at the surgery site is common. There can also be infection in the new valve. Other risks of mitral valve prolapse surgery include breathing difficulties, pneumonia and irregular heart rhythms leading to the need for a permanent pacemaker. Valve failure and bad reactions to anaesthetics may also be experienced.
Preparation of Treatment
You cannot prevent mitral valve prolapse. However, in case you are affected with mitral valve prolapse, you will be able to help prevent the rare but serious issues it can cause. Brush and floss your teeth regularly to keep bacteria out of the bloodstream, which decrease the rare risk of a heart infection.
Asking your doctor if you have to take antibiotics before dental work or surgery to lower your risk of heart infection. This generally applies to individuals who have had valve replacement or repair surgery.
Have regular check-ups and take any medications that the may have prescribed. Make heart-healthy habits to prevent the heart disease. If you are overweight or obese, your doctor may recommend you to lose weight. Aim to do about 30 minutes of physical activity like brisk walks. Doing more exercise and practicing mindfulness help reduce stress.
To prepare for mitral valve repair prolapse surgery, you need to undergo certain tests to get more details about the heart. Stop taking some medications before some weeks leading up to the surgery. These will include blood thinners such as aspirin and warfarin. Wash your hands with antimicrobial soaps the night before your surgery. Stop smoking as it may interfere with your procedure. Take some medications on the day of the surgery as suggested by your doctor. Stop eating as well as drinking after a given time on the day of the surgery. Find someone to drive you home safely from the hospital. Tell your doctor if you are allergic to any medications or anesthetic agents.
Treatment Option
Medications: Medicines may be used to treat irregular heartbeat or any complication of mitral valve prolapse. Medicines include beta blockers, water pills, heart rhythm drugs and blood thinners.
Surgery: Most individuals with mitral valve prolapse may not need surgery but surgery might be required if mitral prolapse leads to severe mitral valve regurgitation. Surgery for a damaged mitral valve will include mitral valve replacement or mitral valve repair. Mitral valve repair is mostly preferred as it helps save the existing valve. Valve repair and replacement might be performed using minimally invasive surgery or open-heart surgery. Minimally invasive surgery will involve smaller incisions and might see less blood loss and fast recovery. In mitral valve repair surgery, a surgeon may remove excess tissues from a prolapsed valve to allow the flaps close tightly. The surgeon might also replace the cords which support the valve.
Cost of the treatment
Cost of mitral valve prolapse treatment
The cost of mitral valve prolapse surgery in India ranges from $3,200 to $5,800. Mitral valve prolapse surgery cost in India will depend on various factors like material of the valve, surgery techniques used, age of the patient, hospitals location, experience and qualifications of the cardiac surgeon. Low cost of mitral valve prolapse surgery in India is a major reason why a large number of international patient visit the country for this procedure.
Recovery
Recovery after mitral valve prolapse surgery
Recovering from mitral valve prolapse surgery generally takes between 4 and 8 weeks. If the patient undergoes minimally invasive surgery, they may recover quicker. Before they leave hospital, they will be given complete instructions for medications, exercise, resuming normal activities and ongoing wound care. You may be advised to have a cardiac rehabilitation program to recover and get back to their everyday routine. After your mitral valve prolapse surgery, you should focus on eating a healthy diet to help the body to heal and lessen your risk of complications. After valve surgery you may need to take pain medicines, as you might feel muscle pain for a few weeks. You may also be given medications to reduce your risk of infections or a secondary cardiac event. After your mitral valve surgery, it is important to take certain steps to decrease your risk of facing another heart problem or requiring more heart surgery.
Frequently Asked Questions About Mitral Valve Prolapse
Generally, mitral valve prolapse is not life threatening and will not require treatment or lifestyle changes. But some individuals might need surgery or medications, especially if the prolapse leads to severe regurgitation.
In this condition, the mitral valve flaps do not close tightly. Blood generally flows backward when the valve remains closed, making it difficult for the heart to work properly.
Some patients with mitral valve prolapse will experience irregular heart rhythms which cause palpitations, or in worse cases, might even lead to fainting or passing out.
Chronic anxiety neurosis, agoraphobia and panic disorder are psychiatric disorders associated with mitral valve prolapse. Individuals with cardiac symptoms of mitral valve prolapse, like dizziness or syncope, might present for neurologic evaluation.
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