General Surgery in India: what it actually costs

Prostatectomy This surgery involves surgical removal of the complete prostate gland or a part of it. This surgical procedure involves enlarging the prostate through benign prostatic hyperplasia. But if a person has a tumor or any other abnormality, these procedures can constrain the normal flow of urine along the urethra which can cause discomfort and excretion. Once urinary constriction develops it can increase the risk of uropathy and can even pose serious harm to the kidney.  Kidney Removal (Nephrectomy) Surgery Nephro means Kidney and ectomy mean removal so Nephrectomy means surgical removal of the kidney. The procedure is performed in order to treat kidney cancer or any other kidney disease or injury. It is also done to remove a healthy kidney from a donor for transplant.  Nephrectomy can be of two types as far as the diseased kidney is concerned namely partial and radical. Partial nephrectomy involves the removal of only the injured or diseased part of the kidney, whereas the radical nephrectomy removes the complete kidney with the section of the tube connecting to the bladder or ureter, the adrenal gland which sits at the top of the kidney and the fatty tissue around the kidney. When both kidneys are removed simultaneously, it is known as a bilateral nephrectomy. And the procedure of removing a healthy kidney from a donor for transplantation is known as donor nephrectomy. Hysterectomy This is a surgical procedure that incorporates the removal of the uterus i.e. womb and this procedure is performed by a gynecologist. It can be total i.e. removing the fundus, body, and cervix of the uterus or it can be partial i.e. removal of the uterine body while leaving the cervix of the uterus intact also known as supracervical. In the US, over 600,000 patients performed hysterectomies in the year 2003.  Colostomy A colostomy is an incision procedure into the colon or large intestine in order to create an artificial opening or a stoma in the outer abdomen. This stoma serves as a substitute opening or anus with the help of which the intestines can remove the waste products. A colostomy is done to divert intestinal contents in conditions such as imperforate anus, necrotizing enterocolitis, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Ileostomy This process involves making a surgical opening which is constructed by bringing the loop or end of the small intestine i.e. the ileum out to the surface of the skin. The waste of the body passes out of the ileostomy and is submitted to the external pouch which is stuck to the skin.